{"id":9010,"date":"2025-10-15T10:46:56","date_gmt":"2025-10-15T07:46:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/en.coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9010"},"modified":"2025-10-15T10:46:56","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T07:46:56","slug":"masters-thesis-at-the-university-of-baghdad-evaluates-loosely-skirted-foundations-and-reinforced-soils-to-enhance-bearing-capacity-and-reduce-settlement-in-sandy-grounds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/en.coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9010","title":{"rendered":"Master\u2019s Thesis at the University of Baghdad Evaluates Loosely Skirted Foundations and Reinforced Soils to Enhance Bearing Capacity and Reduce Settlement in Sandy Grounds"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"relative basis-auto flex-col -mb-(--composer-overlap-px) [--composer-overlap-px:28px] grow flex overflow-hidden\">\n<div class=\"relative h-full\">\n<div class=\"flex h-full flex-col overflow-y-auto thread-xl:pt-(--header-height) [scrollbar-gutter:stable_both-edges]\">\n<div class=\"flex flex-col text-sm thread-xl:pt-header-height pb-25\">\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:ded85da6-542e-49fe-a2cc-fb2cccfd2684-7\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-16\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"ae39db22-2e68-4d1d-8e1a-36cf83fe97fb\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p data-start=\"54\" data-end=\"259\">The <strong data-start=\"58\" data-end=\"113\">College of Engineering at the University of Baghdad<\/strong> hosted the <strong data-start=\"125\" data-end=\"143\">public defense<\/strong> of <strong data-start=\"147\" data-end=\"187\">Master\u2019s student Rawaa Rafea Khudair<\/strong> from the <strong data-start=\"197\" data-end=\"232\">Department of Civil Engineering<\/strong> for her thesis entitled:<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"261\" data-end=\"391\"><strong data-start=\"261\" data-end=\"389\">\u201cExperimental and Mathematical Evaluation of Loosely Skirted Foundation Compared to Circular Foundation on Reinforced Sand.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"393\" data-end=\"595\">The discussion took place on <strong data-start=\"422\" data-end=\"451\">Thursday, October 2, 2025<\/strong>, in <strong data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"490\">Prof. Dr. Khalid Shakir\u2019s Hall<\/strong> at the Department of Civil Engineering, under the supervision of <strong data-start=\"556\" data-end=\"592\">Prof. Dr. Bushra Suhale Albusoda<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"1147\">The study aimed to examine the behavior of <strong data-start=\"640\" data-end=\"697\">loosely skirted circular footings on loose sandy soil<\/strong> under various loading conditions, including <strong data-start=\"742\" data-end=\"758\">eccentricity<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"763\" data-end=\"778\">inclination<\/strong>, as the <strong data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"810\">skirt diameter (Ds)<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"836\">skirt length (Ls)<\/strong> increased. It also investigated the <strong data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"909\">effects of geogrid reinforcement<\/strong> on bearing capacity and settlement performance. A <strong data-start=\"960\" data-end=\"984\">comparative analysis<\/strong> was conducted between <strong data-start=\"1007\" data-end=\"1028\">circular footings<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1070\">loosely skirted circular footings<\/strong> under different loading and soil conditions (reinforced and unreinforced).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1149\" data-end=\"1545\">A total of <strong data-start=\"1160\" data-end=\"1195\">116 small-scale physical models<\/strong> were constructed in three groups: shallow foundations, skirted foundations, and foundations on <strong data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1353\">loose sandy soil (Dr = 30%) reinforced with geogrid layers<\/strong>. The foundations were subjected to <strong data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1432\">vertical, eccentric, and inclined loads<\/strong>, and the influence of skirt dimensions and reinforcement spacing (<strong data-start=\"1499\" data-end=\"1527\">h = 0.2D, 0.4D, and 0.6D<\/strong>) was evaluated.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1547\" data-end=\"1600\">The research produced several significant findings:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"2307\">\n<li data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1761\">\n<p data-start=\"1603\" data-end=\"1761\">The <strong data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1634\">improvement factor (IF)<\/strong> increased by <strong data-start=\"1648\" data-end=\"1661\">1.60\u20132.71<\/strong> for skirted foundations and <strong data-start=\"1690\" data-end=\"1703\">2.13\u20133.57<\/strong> for reinforced soil under eccentric and inclined loads.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1762\" data-end=\"1893\">\n<p data-start=\"1764\" data-end=\"1893\">The <strong data-start=\"1768\" data-end=\"1805\">settlement reduction factor (SRF)<\/strong> decreased by <strong data-start=\"1819\" data-end=\"1829\">45\u201370%<\/strong> with skirted foundations and <strong data-start=\"1859\" data-end=\"1869\">58\u201379%<\/strong> with reinforced soil.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1894\" data-end=\"2048\">\n<p data-start=\"1896\" data-end=\"2048\">The <strong data-start=\"1900\" data-end=\"1937\">optimal reinforcement spacing (h)<\/strong> was found to be <strong data-start=\"1954\" data-end=\"1962\">0.4D<\/strong>, while the ideal skirt configuration occurred at <strong data-start=\"2012\" data-end=\"2026\">Ds\/D = 1.4<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2045\">Ls\/D = 1.5<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2049\" data-end=\"2188\">\n<p data-start=\"2051\" data-end=\"2188\">The <strong data-start=\"2055\" data-end=\"2103\">maximum improvement in load-bearing capacity<\/strong> reached <strong data-start=\"2112\" data-end=\"2119\">54%<\/strong> with reinforced soil and <strong data-start=\"2145\" data-end=\"2152\">36%<\/strong> with loosely skirted foundations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2189\" data-end=\"2307\">\n<p data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2307\">However, the <strong data-start=\"2204\" data-end=\"2233\">reinforced soil technique<\/strong> showed higher sensitivity to eccentric and inclined loading conditions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2309\" data-end=\"2564\">Following the <strong data-start=\"2323\" data-end=\"2351\">scientific deliberations<\/strong> of the examination committee and the researcher\u2019s successful defense, <strong data-start=\"2422\" data-end=\"2445\">Rawaa Rafea Khudair<\/strong> was <strong data-start=\"2450\" data-end=\"2561\">awarded a Master\u2019s degree in Civil Engineering \/ Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering with distinction<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2566\" data-end=\"2756\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"thread-bottom-container\" class=\"group\/thread-bottom-container relative isolate z-10 w-full basis-auto has-data-has-thread-error:pt-2 has-data-has-thread-error:[box-shadow:var(--sharp-edge-bottom-shadow)] md:border-transparent md:pt-0 dark:border-white\/20 md:dark:border-transparent content-fade single-line flex flex-col\">\n<div id=\"thread-bottom\">\n<div class=\"text-base mx-auto [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"text-token-text-secondary relative mt-auto flex min-h-8 w-full items-center justify-center p-2 text-center text-xs [view-transition-name:var(--vt-disclaimer)] md:px-[60px]\">\n<div class=\"pointer-events-auto\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_gallery interval=&#8221;3&#8243; images=&#8221;9013&#8243; img_size=&#8221;large&#8221; css=&#8221;&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;] The College of Engineering at the University of Baghdad hosted the public defense of Master\u2019s student Rawaa Rafea &#8230; <a class=\"cz_readmore\" href=\"https:\/\/en.coeng.uobaghdad.edu.iq\/?p=9010\"><i class=\"fa fa-angle-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":165,"featured_media":9012,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[35,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9010","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-engineering","category-thesis"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Master\u2019s Thesis at the University of Baghdad Evaluates Loosely Skirted Foundations and Reinforced Soils to Enhance Bearing Capacity and Reduce Settlement in Sandy Grounds - College of Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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